Dr. Mosaik: a holistic framework for understanding the English tense–aspect system based on ontology engineering

Abstract

Gaining mastery of the English tense–aspect system, or the appropriate use of the different verb forms, is a significant challenge for learners of ESL/EFL (English as a Second/Foreign Language) (Larsen-Freeman, Kuehn, & Haccius, 2002). Knowledge of English, an international language for communication, has also become increasingly necessary for a number of adult university learners. This is true of many learners who choose to study abroad or immigrate to countries where proficiency in English is necessary to pursue higher studies and enter the workforce. With respect to verb system understanding and mastery, it is not unusual for university learners enrolling in ESL classes to have to assimilate a substantial amount of information within a limited time frame. The reality of such classes–that bring together students of different native languages and English-learning backgrounds–is that they are subject to time and curriculum constraints; it is not always possible for them to be brought to level on this particular topic. Technology-assisted language-learning applications, for their part, need to provide many explanations on verb tense uses; at more advanced levels of practice, these can be numerous (e.g., Englishpage, 2021).